Bipolar disorder in adults: symptoms, diagnosis, and management
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- Question 1 of 15
1. Question
Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness that has a significant effect on quality of life, leading to an increased mortality and suicide rate compared with the general population. What percentage of people with bipolar disorder take their own lives?
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2. Question
Certain medications can trigger mood disturbances. Which of the following medications has been shown to contribute to both mania and depression?
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3. Question
For a diagnosis of bipolar type 1, patients must have experienced at least one episode of mania which has lasted for one week. Which of the below is a core symptom of mania?
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4. Question
Hypomania and mania share the same symptoms but differ by the severity of symptoms. Which of the following is not a consideration when differentiating between hypomania and mania?
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5. Question
Which of the following meets the criteria for a diagnosis of bipolar type 2?
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6. Question
To be considered to have had a depressive episode, which of the below symptoms must have been present for two weeks?
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7. Question
Differential diagnosis is a challenge in bipolar disorder. Patients may sometimes be diagnosed with unipolar depression, leading to treatment with an antidepressant without an antimanic. What is the main risk with this?
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8. Question
People with bipolar disorder can experience significant guilt, shame and self-stigma. Third-wave psychological therapies are useful because of their emphasis on emotions, mindfulness and acceptance. Which of the following are considered third-wave psychological therapies?
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9. Question
Antipsychotics are commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. How do most second-generation antipsychotics work?
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10. Question
Valproate is a useful medicine in bipolar disorder but has been shown to increase the risk of congenital malformations and neurodevelopmental issues in an unborn child. As such, strict monitoring is mandated. Which of the following is false with regards to valproate monitoring?
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11. Question
If a patient is presenting as manic and is not currently receiving treatment, which option should be considered as first-line treatment?
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12. Question
All antipsychotics can cause extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSEs), although first-generation antipsychotics have greater propensity to do so. Which of the below is not an EPSE?
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13. Question
If a patient is presenting with an acute episode of bipolar depression and has already been prescribed lithium as monotherapy, what is the first step in treating their mental health?
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14. Question
Which treatment is considered a gold standard for prophylaxis, owing to its efficacy against both manic and depressive relapse?
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15. Question
If someone has a stable lithium level and has been on lithium for less than one year, what is the appropriate timing and frequency for lithium-level monitoring?
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