Learning | Urgent and emergency care

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Hyponatraemia: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

Hyponatraemia is a common presentation in emergency, acute and critical care. Learn the signs, symptoms and tests needed to diagnose and treat it.…

Published: 24 March 2023

Learning

Management of postoperative pain

How to effectively manage pain following surgery to promote recovery, reduce the risk of side effects and dependency, and make best use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.…

Published: 7 September 2022

Learning

Electrolyte disturbances: causes and management

This article details the clinical presentations of the most common electrolyte disturbances and how to treat them.…

Published: 26 August 2022

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Current and advanced therapies for chronic wound infection

An overview of chronic wounds, including their physiology, causes and management options.…

Published: 15 July 2022

Learning

Renal cancer: management

An overview of the most common forms of renal cancer, treatment options and the role of pharmacists in its management.…

Published: 28 June 2022

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Diabetic ketoacidosis in adults: identification, diagnosis and management

All healthcare professionals who support people with diabetes should be aware of this complex medical emergency so that they can recognise red flag symptoms.…

Published: 8 March 2022

Learning

How critical illness impacts drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Critical illness can affect how drugs work in the body and how the body reacts to drugs. This can have important implications for treatment and the risk of adverse effects.…

Published: 8 February 2022

Learning

Case study: treatment-resistant schizophrenia

An examination of how a patient with schizophrenia, who is transferred from a mental health hospital to the community, is treated with clozapine effectively.…

Published: 18 January 2022

Learning

Inflammatory bowel disease: symptoms and diagnosis

How to identify and diagnose Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.…

Published: 31 August 2021

Learning

COVID-19 pneumonia and COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: diagnosis and management

Following an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in the UK, pharmacists should be able to identify serious respiratory complications of COVID-19 infection and facilitate appropriate management.…

Published: 10 August 2021